Introduces self
0
1

Confirms name & age of patient
0
1

Explains & gains consent
0
1

Asks if patient suffers from pain, stiffness or reduced range of movement in the elbow
0
1

Washes hands
0
1

Exposes patient’s elbows and the joints above and below (shoulders and hands) and asks them to stand
0
1

General inspection around bed and patient (walking aids, obvious scars, wasting or deformities)
0
1

Inspects front for shoulder/hip alignment, limb-limb discrepancy, shoulder architecture
0
1

Inspects back for wasting of muscles (trapezius, paraspinal, deltoids), scoliosis, skin changes, scars, winging of scapulae, elbow nodules, deformities
0
1

Inspects sides for fixed flexion deformities, increased kyphosis or lordosis, carrying angle of the elbow
0
1

Palpates temperature of elbow joint
0
1

Palpates elbow structures: lateral and medial epicondyles, olecranon process and fossa, radial head and joint line feeling for tenderness. Also feels for tophi, tenderness and effusions
0
1
2
Tests active flexion and flexes further passively if range of movement is restricted. Comments on maximum angle (normal: 145 degrees). In the same way tests extension, supination and pronation at the elbow
0
1
2
Feels shoulder when moving arm in all planes for crepitus, pain or limitation of movement
0
1

Offers examination of shoulder and hand, neurovascular exam and history
0
1

Thanks patient and offers help to redress
0
1

Washes hands
0
1

Offers next step (imaging: 2 plain x rays for bony pathology or CT if indicated, MRI for soft tissue)
0
1

Summarises appropriately with only key findings
0
1

Offers appropriate differential diagnoses
0
1